A controlled area network (CAN) is a serial communication bus developed to reduce the vehicle’s cable wiring, which contributes to the weight and therefore the performance and fuel efficiency of vehicles. The number of sensors integrated into even basic models continues to rise, together with passenger comfort systems (seat positioning and electric windows), as well as transmission and engine control systems which require in-vehicle communication. The alternator on the ICE supplies 12Vdc to the converter, which in turn converts the 12V to 48V and charges the 48V battery pack. The converter charges the 48V battery pack while the car is driving. 48Vdc electrical systems require large energy storage capacity and fast charge times. It is a key component in the operation of mild hybrid systems. The 48V battery serves the vehicle’s active chassis, electric steering, air conditioning system, engine cooling, heated windscreen, the positive temperature co-efficient (PTC) heater – which provides a heat source in the absence of engine exhaust heat – and turbo charging.Ī bi-directional DC-DC converter, sits between the 12V and 48V batteries. MHEVs use an electric motor to support the ICE during acceleration and when the vehicle is cruising. Mild hybrid electric vehicle (MHEV) architectures use the internal combustion engine (ICE) with a 48V electric system, or powertrain, to augment the engine and components in converting the engine’s power into movement. As a result, adding 48V battery banks to an existing 12V system for energy storage is now feasible and cost-effective. They are now becoming mainstream in 48Vdc electrical systems which need larger energy storage and faster charging times.Ĭharge times of the Li-ion batteries are also much shorter than those of lead-acid batteries. The combination of the benefits of Lithium-ion batteries and SELV requirements found in bi-directional DC-DC converters has led to them being specified more frequently. Lithium-ion batteries also weigh up to 75% less than their lead-acid counterparts and can be stored in any position, making integration more flexible. They are also able to handle more charge cycles than lead-acid batteries, allowing more cycles per unit and are capable of fast charging, up to 100% in 30 minutes. They also significantly increase the driving range of a vehicle, with a Lithium-ion batteries typically having capacity of 150 to 250 Wh/kg, compared with 30 to 70 Wh/kg for a lead-acid battery. A Lithium-ion battery is more efficient and can last up to 10 times longer than a lead-acid battery. Increased electrification of vehicles is also driving demand for 48V systems.
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