Previous studies (Vulcano and Bertero 1987 Orakcal 2004 Orakcal et al. 1, the existing macroscopic models use multiple vertical uniaxial elements of concrete and re-bar in order to describe the flexure-compression responses of walls such as the relocation of neutral axis in wall cross-sections, tension stiffening behavior of concrete, flexural crack opening and closing, and the confinement effect of the concrete in boundary elements. 1993) use macroscopic models for the nonlinear analysis of wall systems.įigure 1 shows various macroscopic models for the nonlinear analysis of walls subjected to cyclic loading. 2006), OpenSEES (PEER 2001), and DRAIN-2DX (Prakash et al. Currently, because of the efficiency of the macroscopic models, existing structural analysis platforms such as Perform 3D (Computer and Structures Inc. 2006 Park and Eom 2007 Monti and Spacone 2000 Wallace 2012). 1982 Vulcano and Bertero 1987 Orakcal 2004 Orakcal et al. The macroscopic models, on the other hand, are simple and practical though their application is limited depending on the assumptions that each model is based on (Kabeyasawa et al. However, it requires tremendous efforts and time for modeling and numerical computations. 1991 Feenstra and de Borst 1993 Mansour and Hsu 2005 Wong and Vecchio 2002 Palermo and Vecchio 2007 Petrangeli et al. The microscopic finite element models can provide detailed local responses of walls with accuracy (Park and Klingner 1997 Okamura and Maekawa 1991 Stevens et al. Both microscopic finite element models and macroscopic models can be used for the nonlinear analysis of wall systems. Thus, an effective analytical method for walls is required to evaluate the overall inelastic response of buildings with walls. In particular, reinforced concrete walls are used in many high-rise buildings as the primary lateral load-resistant system. Recently, nonlinear analysis has became popular in the earthquake design and evaluation of structures due to the advances in earthquake engineering and numerical analysis. The time history responses of the proposed method agreed with the test results including the lateral displacements and base shear. Three-dimensional nonlinear time history analyses using the proposed model were performed for the test specimen. Further the proposed model was applied to an existing wall structure tested on a shaking table. The results showed that the predictions agreed well with the test results including the load-carrying capacity, deformation capacity, and failure mode. For verification, the proposed method was applied to various existing test specimens of isolated and coupled walls. Simplified cyclic material models were used to describe the cyclic behavior of concrete and re-bars. To conveniently describe the coupled flexure-compression and shear responses, a reinforced concrete wall was idealized with longitudinal and diagonal uniaxial elements. In the present study, a macro-model for the nonlinear analysis of multi-story wall structures was developed. During earthquake, reinforced concrete walls show complicated post-yield behavior varying with shear span-to-depth ratio, re-bar detail, and loading condition.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |